Packaging for Saffola Rice

Contents * Introduction and Background * Research Objectives * Variables * fictional character of Study * Sampling * Hypotheses * Research Design * Assumptions * Delimitations Background Packaging is a very master(prenominal) marketing strategy to glamorize your product in order to attract the consumers attention. Sometimes advancement is so important that it speak to more than than the product itself in order to lure the consumers to bargain for it. Most consumers judge a product by its packaging out front acquire. So it is logical to say attractive packaging is crucial in order to get the first time buyers to buy your products.There atomic number 18 many elements involved in the success of a product and packaging is one of the key drivers of obtain. This report is to understand the role of packaging in the success of the product, it is important to know the key elements in packaging which be working or not working for the consumer. The various forms of packaging types that are available to us are Tetra pack, Plastic bags, Tins , Paper bags, Plastic bottles, Tubes, spongy pouches, Nozzle bottles, Gunny bags, Paper boxes. In the case of Rice purchase it is observed that packaging is seen important however not critical. Most consumers were buying branded sieve in 20 kg jute bags and were driven more by price vs. packaging. ) Research Objectives To evaluate the innovative packaging for Saffola rice. staple studies scram reflected on the need for a new packaging. Once the packaging is confirmed at the outset, it is imperative to notify the credibility the packaging lends to the rice inside and to understand the drivers of these impressions. Also it gives an opportunity to capture cues for improvement. Variables Dependent acquire Preference, * Independent Over any packaging * Intervening Introduction of a new packaging concept by competitor, change in requirement/ need. * declare Income group, Gender, Occupation Type of Study * Process Explora tory * Type of entropy Qualitative * Content Empirical * Period One time report card * Setting Field Sample The Sample should be people who have bought a product or who are thinking of buying a product. They should be buyers and not specifiers. They may be multiple purchasers.During the course of our look into when the probable model was listed there was a temptation to say yes, all of these but considering that the greater the scope of the project the more it will cost and the longer it will take we decided to stick to a sample size of 50. Our Target profile a. Females -SEC A, B b. Must be a primary cook in the house i. Must cook at least one meal on weekdays and weekends c. Decision maker in purchase of household items d. Regular buyers, decision makers and consumers of rice. The segmentation was based on Working Women and Housewives who were aged between 24 to 45 years.

Alfred M. Green Speech Analysis Essay

The Civil War, a state of war fought during the 1860s, decided a great many things sla rattling or freedom, sulfur and north or unification. In the beginning of the war, the Northern African Americans were not allowed to join the Union Army and fight against the southeasternern oppressors. Alfred M. spirt, while boastful a speech in Philadelphia at the beginning of the war, urged African American to desexualize to enlist. He besides spoke subversively about the unfairness of the discussion of African Americans not only in the South exactly overly in the North. Green uses a variety of methods to persuade his fellow African-Americans to prepare for war while also speaking out against the treat custodyt of the African-Am. in the North.Green begins his speech by immediately mentioning the cornerstone of the American ideology, that American citizens believe in freedom, and of civil and religious toleration. By remind the African Americans what America is founded on, he incites i n them the desire to go to war against anyone argue the idea. Green, by the same token, reminds the whites of their unfairness in denying the African Americans their rights. The mention of the deity Washington and Jackson also appeals to the patriotism in the African Americans, paltry them closer to desiring to fight in the war.The appeal Green makes to the religious beliefs of the African Americans is apparent throughout his speech. Because most of the African Americans at the term were Christian, by referring to their God as the God of truth, Justice and equality to all men makes the AFri. Am. feel obligated to help the cause of the Civil War. Because their God believed in freedom, wherefore and how can they deny anyone else that right? At the same time Green also reminds the whites that their same God is the white God and that the African Americans deserve rights as well. Green also wants the African Americans to be believe in God because their God wants them to go to war an d will nurse them. Why should the African Americans not go to war under much(prenominal) protection?By the eat up of his speech, Green begins to remind the African Americans of their suppress brethren in the South. He reminds them of people under a tyrant organisation and requests their assistance in overthrowing it. He alsomentions the desire of the Southern leadership to drive backcivil and religious freedom and have much slave territory. By mentioning the goals of the other side, he incites the African Americans to battle by showing them the future of the nation if the South wins because they did not fight. Green notes that their very presence on the battlefield will urge the slaves in the South to revolt.Greens word choice throughout his speech helps him to motivate the African Americans to battle without their realizing it. He constantly uses the phrase let us to persuade the African Americans to join the army without directly telling them to do so. A direct order is mu ch less likely to be followed than a softer direction such as let us. He also includes himself in the group by using the word us, making him come out motivated and desirous of joining the army as well. If he desires to join, why should they not? Green also anticipates certain re preciselytals to his argument, but he silences them by beginning his arguments with it is true. He wants the African American people to know that he too realizes the problems with the government but his is still willing to go to war.Although Green does make certain condescending arguments towards the white audience by the end of the speech he has united both American Americans and whites by concentrate them against a common enemy the South. He does want change, but he knows that defeating the Southern slavery system is much more pressing and central in the long run. Green is careful to hope of the future but still improve the present, and he hopes not only the African Americans but also the whites will do the same.

Supply and Demand and Barr S Product

Analysis the advantages and disadvantages to Barrs of its product mix. (10) A. G. Barr is a handed-d admit company mainly operated soft drinks. Product mix of A. G. Barr can be categories into two parts one is Barrs Own Brands and one is Barrs Franchise Brands. Advantages of Barrs Product Mix Through the case study, A. G. Barr familiarity has suffered fierce competition and finally becomes a historied company. It has sophisticated diffusion channel which can help company save the cost and easier to introduce economics of scale. b) the demand for barrs product is probably scathe elastic. apologise how this may influence the way in which barrs markets it product. (5) Definition of the damage elasticity of demand price elasticity is a kind of bar which used to measure sensitivity of changes in quantity demanded in retort to the changes of price. And for A. G. Barr, the main product, Irn-Bru, is a kind of product which its price elastic to demand, in other word means co cost-eff ective elastic > 1. We find that few companies argon involved in soft drinks industry. So A. G. Barr is in oligopoly market.Due to the special grammatical case of oligopoly market, Irn-Bru is a convenient product, easily influenced by price factors and sensitive to the changes of price, either competitors price or itself. Market activities Pricing activities price indemnity due to the character of Irn-Bru, price elastic to demand, using frown price strategy to enhance the sale could help company to growth turnover. Through the case study, during 2001 and 2002, the rate of exchange between Euro and Pound has changed. The Euro has depreciated which do import becoming cheaper than buy local products. The A. G. Barr union reduced 30% of price for the wholesalers.Though the appendix six, the turnover of 2002 is higher than turnover of 2001. This action has efficient increase the turnover and makes the market share steady. Promotion A. G. Barr Company has freehanded investment f ocus on promotion. Through the case study robin Barr said we remain convinced, however, that the continuing investment in our brands leave behind make for A. G. Barr the optimum long term growth. This shows that company pays more attention on building brand awareness and loyalty, try to make product dissimilar from others, known as differentiation. It would decrease the elasticity of demand. Benefits of reducing elasticity Company could reduce uncertainty of Irn-Bru demand and risk, such as influence caused by external factors especially price factors. * Maintain the market share and granting immunity in setting price. Chance of using high pricing policy For instance Irn-Bru sponsors the Xmas and New Year Carnival at the SECC in Glasgow. In 2002, this attracted over 140,000 people. This action could enlarge the brand influence and build its own brand awareness, more than that, with the development of promotion, company decreases the elasticity of demand potentially. it will hel p company to void the uncertainly risk and when elasticity

New job

Grog administrator team. Understand that you face the possibility of close down operations in Tentacle and I want to lend almost help and financial expertise. After much deliberation, I entrust it is the ruff decision to keep the Tentacle go under open and non outsource to China. in that location are many salutes associated with outsourcing to China and I do not believe the positive aspects of outsourcing outweigh the Increase In costs. Cost compend Labor Costs Labor is by far the most of the essence(predicate) federal agent in this decision. One of the biggest draws to China is their cheap tote.The relevant labor cost in China right now is $0. 91 per instant with an expected increase of 40% in the next 10 social classs. In comparison, relevant labor cost in Tentacle right now is $16. 25 with an expected increase of 3% per year (Exhibit 4). Assuming from each one of Tempuras 195 employees whole kit and caboodle 40 hours per week and 50 weeks per year, that totals a l abor cost for this year of $6,337,500 compared to $354,900 in China for the same amount of employees. I understand that the cost differential is staggering. However, I would like to point out hat in that respect are many ways to offset these costs without outsourcing to China.One huge factor in this is worker productivity. Workers are much to a greater extent productive in the united States and perform tasks at a more efficient yard than in China. The new hand spreader used to require hexad nation to assemble it and we have redesigned the components so that only four people get hold of to work on it. With more advancements like this and making your Tentacle plant as automated as possible, you can cut costs In Tentacle by the hundreds of thousands of dollars. By hiring an outside labor force In China, you would be lengthening the fellowships Information gap.It might turn over Scoots-Millrace Grog one day to omen out a problem In Tentacle or perform accepted testing, when It could take up to two weeks to have that done In China. care your production workers close to your R&D department Is vital for look for and product advancement. The only other way Is to have a allow chain manager fly to China frequently to keep up with outsourced operations and make sure they understand the Improvements that need to be made. cede Chain Costs By looking at Scoots-Miracle Grogs incoming statements and balance sheets, we can e that the company is steadily increasing revenue each year.Scoots-Miracle Grog 0. 35, and a Return on Equity of 0. 12. All of these calculations set the company up for a successful transition into China via outsourcing. However, we must take into account the various supply chain costs that will summon if this decision is made. The biggest changes are incumbrance and operational cost. This is an expense that is essentially $0 in Tentacle. Now, it would be around $8,000,000 each year. Since we would only be providence $5,982,600 in labor cost s, this does not disembarrass acquiring a freight expense of $8,000,000.In addition, Scoots-Miracle Grog would need to hold an additional eight weeks of safety conduct in Tentacle at a cost of $460,000 and spend much more on fiber managers who can assure that the product arrives in the get together States in the perfectly desired form. I do not believe Scoots-Miracle Grog outsourcing to China maximizes its capability to be a leader in the 3 major utilities time, form, and place. While $2. 7 billion in revenue is admirable, I do not believe Scoots-Miracle Grog has enough need ( domesticatedally or internationally) to Justify outsourcing. Loss of KnowledgeMore than anything, I think Scoots-Miracle Grog needs to more fully wrap up the information and knowledge gap that will arise by distancing operations. pertly production workers will be given the responsibility of understanding Scoots-Miracle Grog products and fiddle the executive teams exact specifications. In order to do t his, managers will need to fly out frequently, train other managers, and constantly monitor quality among shipments. If the company were willing to expand international operations and sell to the Chinese people, then the information and knowledge gap would not be so large.However, going there to simply save costs would present an straddle of new problems and costs. Keeping the company knowledge as close to the domestic market is the safest and smartest thing to do. Conclusion If you are looking to compromise with the executive team, you might consider outsourcing for one year while simultaneously scoring down production and operations in Tentacle. This would, of course, be a short plan in order to get the company back on its feet. There would be considerable setup costs for the China production, yet the executive team might like this idea in order to save as much as possible now.

Barnados

Analysis of a Barnardos Advert Stolen Childhood why do brotherly love give ears unhorse complaints? Shocking, inappropriate, offensive- these words are often thrown and twisted at charities well-nigh their advertising. The Barnardos Stolen Childhood campaign is typical of charity adverts, which engages flock to donate, take action and make changes. Surely this means for battalion to support this charity, and not somewhatthing to be complained about? The Barnardos campaign has created wide controversy. This has made the public disapprove and to some what find disturbing.Thomas Barnardos complete his charity in 1870 even then did it ca example accusations. Barnardos subject many projects such as Believe in Children and Child leanness and many more series of campaigns. Du striation 2002 Barnados launched the campaign Stolen Childhood to swear out shaverren up to the age of 18, who have been paced through whoredom. Complaints said audiences were odd feeling disconcerted and disturbed. But make calls to s flush child harlotry was a target for Barnardos they wanted to create a refreshing law allowing child prostitution to end.Barnardos produced posters for advertisements about the prostitution of children and adapted their causas to illustrate the paroxysm that they are going through. Noticing the complaints, has risen, Barnardos defended the decision to use shocking images saying that these changes allowed them to get the message across to many people and allow Minsters to act quickly, providing enough protection for children. In this particular advert, it contains a picture of a little girl sitting on a sofa.Her face is digitally grotesquely quondam(a), but has a boy comparable body. stand up behind the sofa is part if a man and his fingers are speed through her hair. The background is a subtle yellow, with curtains that are move. The advert includes a catchy guide word and entropy on how to donate or get supplementary information about th e campaign. The man in this image is rigid behind a sofa, with his back towards a window. This arrangement gives me an idea he is hiding or protecting the little girl a centering from the public.This unheard-of man good dealnot be identified because the image does not allow the viewing audience to elate his face because his face is deliberately hidden- this sets the audience eager to see his face. We are also not able to see his bottom half, as he is straightened up behind the sofa- Which suggests that the man may not be have on any trousers. You rear see the hairs upon the mans chest, (as his tog is seen to be und matchless) this straight international gives me a sense that this man is way beyond the age to be sexually committed with novel girls.Plus I can identify that he is wearing a wedding ring which states the man might be either married or divorced. This proves that anyone can act in this behaviour, whether or not youre married. Clenching his hand on the sofa expr esses that the man is in anger and has force over the young girl. However, he is plausibly satisfied as well as scent because, his other hand is touching the girls hair. Reminding ourselves that his shirt is undone, this can calculate that he may be ready to sexually abuse her, or that he has already done so.The terrified girl in the foreground is cramped up in the corner of the sofa this shows that she is probably afraid and is trying to keep away. She looks as if she is trying to protect her self by holding both arms firmly around her. Through this I can sense that the girl may be in risk in some way perhaps, as she like to keep her self to herself. Her world might be really dark and cold so, because holding both arms is a way of keeping her pain within herself. Yet sitting in this view is also cover the lower part of her body, as she may not be wearing anything.This then shows me the young girls sensitive and emotional side as she may be a very shy person. The purple brui ses on her legs moldiness have a horrifying bilgewater behind them- A story that involves physical, brutal abusing conflict in the midst of the man and her, or maybe be she has self harmed herself which might be a way to relief her pain. The top that the girl is wearing stands out to me, it come ins to be quite rigid as it looks almost washed out form a bright pinko colour, this suggests a soft girly side that she once had, and has all been taken away from her.I can clearly say that this image of her clothing gives a call attention of purity and innocence to contrast with her reality and the callousness of the room. Yet viewers who look at this poster are straight away force directly to her face. Her digital altered face appears to look old and wrinkly. Bug, non-buoyant bags under her eyes are lined up with dark bruises, making her look stressed and tired, almost as if she has spent her hours crying with drop of sleep. From her droopy expression her mouth is weighed down wi th many defined lines which appear to be baggy wrinkles forming under her lips. Which is exaggerated on the amount of sexual abuse that she gets, hence it is equivalent to a life time and maybe it is difficult for her to relax and get some rest. This all results to how the child is cosmos taken care of by the man Not save does he abuse her but has no intention on her health and strength, she is some sort of shield for him, were she is organism brutally knocked over, while he is safely fulfil guide. The girl who once lived a happy life, with smiles and laughter, has almost faded away with a broken soul of worries, fear and pain.I count this altering of her face may reflect what she may look like in the approaching years. The image of this lonely victim has been adjusted to make her look old with strands of grey hair. By doing this digital alteration the audience are led to believe that this young girl has been traumatised by suffering from too ofttimes sexual abuse from the man, resulting in ageing and loss of childhood. This image captures only a certain part of the room this creates suspense and gives the audience thoughts about who else might be in the room nother abuser, or another child in a similar situation? The colour of the wall reflects the carpet, creating a sense of calm and a neutral atmosphere. This matches the colour of the curtains, and gives me an understanding(a) that the master(prenominal) person living in the house has a sense of style, wherefore can live in a decent looking way. and then the soft colours clash with the situation of the trapped, dark story held between both characters in the image. Her disappointment and fear does not fit in well with the surroundings of the scene, which makes her prominent.Everything is in contrast to each other, the bright disinvest room to the dark filthy routine he portrays. Yet one may wonder what is really going on behind those doors and drawn curtains, where a little girl is forced to love wi th a man. thither area different levels positioned in this photograph. The man in the background is standing behind her dominantly as if he is in control of his powerful actions move against the frightened girl, (through his level of height) as she is sitting and being touched by him. Abuse through prostitution STEALS CHILDRENS LIVES is a slogan used in the poster. These effective, emotive words make the audience want to put a stop to prostitution, to give everything the child need which has been taken away from them. Their intrust would want the audience to act quickly and efficiently, due to words prostitution and children oddly put together (which is normally not relevant to children) it is a short powerful message that loiters onto to you after you have read it.The slogan also highlights the key points about the campaign, letting the audience know what prostitution can lead to. In this poster there is enough information needed, for instance the image is very vivid, followed by a catchy slogan, symbolize that the audiences alive(predicate)ness can make a difference. Overall, Barnardos feel they can be more daring with their use of images to a younger age group. Even though, the text on this advert is very limited, the images illustrate an understanding of the charity, as it is well explained, using lack of words.I train with the fact that Barnardos has used visual distressing images- this will advance and expose how neglect and abuse can bring horrifying consequences to children in the UK. The resulting of the poster will wake the public up, to the childrens distress. If not, the charity electrostatic received publicity through the complaints that were made, and will acknowledge them. However, this advert revolts me, and makes me aware of what is actually happening around me. I feel sympathy for the young girl trying to understand what its like to be in her position and in this uncomfortable situation.No child should experience an outrageous, despica ble act like this The poster lets the viewers create the rest of the room in your mind. Which makes me think that the rest of the world might me suffering from the same situation? This sets me a sudden erg, an eager to help the juvenile girl, and try to stay connected to her, letting her know that there can be help being made. In addition to this, I reckon the more eye-opening and clear the advert is, the more successful that campaign will be

Silk Road: Tea

The Silk Road was a serial publication of diachronic trade routes that connected cultures of European and Asian countries. Hidden in Southwest mainland China is a lesser-known trade route called Chamadao, literally translated as the Tea Horse Road, was a central trade route for the deputize of Tibetan horses and Chinese afternoon afternoon teatime (Elaine). The route started in Southwest China, where tea was produced, led north into the Tibetan mountains and into India (Yang). Due to its economic and heathenish impact, it has been dubbed the southerly Silk Road of China (Yang). Tea first stockated from Yunnan, through China, to the rest of Asia, because to the West.In its earliest uses, tea was first utilise as food thence concocted as medicinal brews. As more traditional tea deglutition practices developed overtime. It began transmit to social hierarchy and developed status (Heiss 4,7). The origin of tea trade could be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. During the Tang dynast y, emperor hardlyterfly Dezong sent his supervisory official Chang Lu to visit Tibet. Chang Lu offered around boiled tea to the Tibetan king, who then asked what it was. When Chang answered, the king informed him that Tibet already had tea and had his servants show it to Chang (Yang). The Chinese were the main exporters of tea.The Tea Horse Road, or Chamadao, was a central trade route for exchanging Tibetan horses and Chinese tea. though it is called the Tea Horse Road, other products such as salt, sugar and furs were as well as exchanged along this route. The increasing importance of tea in mundane life led to high demand and set up some markets outside of Southern China (Whitfield 238). Tea trade further expand after Europeans were introduced to it. Chinese Tea was traded as far as Kenya, Africa. Chamadao in short earned the title of Southern Silk Road of China, due to its importance in both economic and cultural aspects (Elaine).Tea played a great government agency in reli gion and politics. At the height of the tea trades prosperity during the Ming Dynasty, a bureau was established to manage the horse and tea trade. During that time, the Ming Court often used the tea trade as a means of maintaining political control over Tibetan leaders and lamas. Farmers compensable tea as tribute, or tax to the emperor, or ruler. The tea used in such tributes determined its quality (Yang). Tea was embraced by Chinas three great religionsBuddhism, Confucianism and Daoism for its perceived healthful virtues and powers of rejuvenation .The sanctum sanctorum leaders of these religions deemed the drink as a necessity and should be consumed by all practitioners. As each of these faiths spread, so did the practice of consuming tea (Heiss 10). In short, the lesser-known Tea Horse Road had great economic and cultural impact. Its cultural exchange and prosperity is comparable to the Silk Road in historical importance. This Southern Silk Road is no longer in use but its leg acy continues to play a crucial role in the colloquy and exchange of present cultures.

The medical model emphasizes exclusively

The medical moulding emphasizes exclusively on treating specific material diseases and concerned with resolving wellness problems and does not emphasize prevention. The holistic model of health is defined by the 1947 WHO definition as a enunciate of complete physical, mental and fond public assistance and not merely the absence seizure of disease or infirmity. The holistic model integrates the medical model persuasion and also introduced the idea of positive health.The social epidemiologic model of health focus on individual level measures, or on sudden social properties that have no correlation at the individual level.The social epidemiologic model overlaps with social sciences like medical sociology and medical geographics (Krieger 2002, p. 698).(2. )The debate between alternative and conventional medicines can be rather convincing but leaves those who are not aware of this issue to be either dangerously ignorant or confused. Thus, the impact of science on the rise of conv entional (AMA) medicine put at stake human beings health and human lives. According to the American Medical Association, the fourth leadership cause of death in America is the use of prescription drugs.It accounts for reactions to drugs that were by rights prescribed and reported cases. Thus, the exact and precise figure is undoubtedly far worse.(3. ) The main difference between current and alternative traditional progresses is that the modern approach focuses on the cause of the ailment (Magar 2009). The modern approach concentrates on factors causing the disease, remedies and deal with abnormality as an independent entity. The alternative approach often opposes evidence-based practice and including therapies with an historical or cultural basis, but not scientific basis.(4. ) The health lifestyles can yield an impact on the lives of individuals. Thus, the wellness lifestyles can be made into a sociological belief assumption that there is a rising interest in health, fitne ss and well-being as an individual concern and a parallel concern of organizations, communities and nations (Schuster et al. 2004, p. 357-367).(5. ) Cassidy (1995) notes that the dickens paradigms namely reductionism (used by bioscientists) and holism (used by alternative healthcare) are antipathetic to the ways of biomedicine and CAM.This distinction relates to problems in CAM because the two paradigms reflect two disparate ways of constructing reality in the society. Thus, the integration of CAM into medicine results to therapies of CAM adopted by medicine without the needed philosophical elements.(6. ) RCT has an issue of internal grimness versus outer validity. Most RCT designs have high validity based on reductionist scientific paradigm but have low external validity due to misrepresentation of the holistic essence of homeopathy. Homeopathy is a habitual form of alternative medicine.(7. ) The choice of outcome measures should match the CAM intervention by matching the des ired outcomes of the key participants and its validity in terms of measure what it intends to measure in the study as a form of calibre assurance.(8. ) The limitation of RCT is that it lacks qualitative measurement of data (Verhoef, 2002). The limitations of RCT with regard to research on CAM are that it is ineffective in shielding more than one meditation and is an inappropriate model to evaluate the effectiveness of homeopathy.(9.) The outcome research in CAM can have another alternative to RCT when research uses randomized controlled trials to test in efficacy of the medicines used in homeopathy.(10. ) The most important concept I learned from writing this paper is that models of health greatly differ from each other in terms of their respective approaches and goals. The difference of the models of health possesses the same subject of either conventional or alternative medicines. workings Cited Krieger N. A glossary for social epidemiology. J Epidemiol Community Health. Oct 20 0155(10)693-700. Reprinted in epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 1, March 2002

Although It Is a Ghost Story, a Christmas Carol Is an Uplifting Tale Essay

Although it is a travel story, A Christmas Carol is an shake up tale. To what extent do you agree?A Christmas carol by Charles ogre is a significant novella written in the Victorian era. The whiz Ebenezer Scrooge is used to represent the upper class society and their military position towards the ugly. Throughout this redemption story, daimon combines a descriptions of hardships faced by the poor with a heart- mat up sentimental celebration of the Christmas season. The novella contains a dramatic and preposterous segment as well as a deep felt moral theme. The text promotes the values of Ebenezer Scrooge, delving into his past, present and supposed future as well as contrasting between the enriching and depressing story specifically evaluating the authors message, the Cratchit family, Scrooges nature and alternatively the apparitional circumstances outlined in the parable. heller message and the spirits of Christmas is virtuoso that intends to inhale and uplift the read er.The author has carefully constructed Ebenezer Scrooge as a covetous experient sinner to demonstrate the uplift meaning of the novella. Although Scrooge is an extreme example of a miser perhaps the Tempter is saying there is a short of Scrooge in all of us whether it is an unwillingness to share our money with the poor and disadvantaged or our time with people in need. This idea is represented when devil portly gentleman visit Scrooge and he explains, I do to support the establishments I run through mentioned, they cost enough. In this instance Dickens strives to promotes the idea that no matter how crooked, anyone can change through the study of appropriate lessons to inspire the reader.The author manipulates the readers emotions by enriching the sympathy of the Cratchit family. The Cratchit family are the unblemished example of the difficulties faced by the poor in Victorian England. As Scrooge is visited by the ghost of Christmas Present, a jolly giant, glorious to s ee, and the breeding of the Cratchits and Tiny Tims condition is revealed there is an almost instantaneous transformation in Scrooge. We see this when Scrooge pleads, Tell me if Tiny Tim will live hypothesize he will be spared We can see from this that Scrooge channelises leniency and that Dickens is aiming toelevate the feelings toward Scrooge and the ghostly story.The author illustrates that Scrooge who is depicted as hard and sharp as a flint is a greedy miser whom is so old and coldhearted that nothing other than his wage will phase him. Dickens uses the scene when the ghost of Christmas past, a child-like old man uses flashbacks to show Scrooge of the memories he once made to show the nature of the much younger character. This is evident when Fan a little girl much younger than Scrooge had brought out the affection of her previous(a) brother as they planned to be together all the Christmas long, and have the merriest time in all the world. What is important about this ex ample is not just that it shows the compassion Scrooge once felt but to a fault that Scrooge is not truly crooked and horrible to the core establishing the elate and inspiring feeling to readers.The title of the novella, A Christmas Carol, is immediately recognized by the reader as hardly appropriate for the first stave. Stave one does not resemble the happy and cheerful world of Christmas trees and presents, but alternatively the reader is exposed to, what can only be described as, ghost story features. Ghost stories are meant to be scary, typically the ghosts that appear in this genre bring nothing but evil, but in this limited parable the trio of ghosts aim to help Scrooge. This is why the opening article of faith Marley was dead, to begin with is particularly strange. Even though it is a ghost story, the ghostly circumstances of the tale help to highlight the uplifting messages and examples in the story.Dickens message to readers, The Cratchit family and Scrooges nature are al l vital in the fulfilling and uplifting story of A Christmas Carol. The heart felt theme and comic element are all used well in order to inspire and influence the readers emotions towards each character. Dickens has achieved this using gothic literature and the ghostly features of the story. Overall, the author has used the learning of appropriate lessons to inspire and uplift the reader. why has the title A Christmas Carol been chosen to represent what seems to be a ghost story?

Cebu Philippines †Queen City of the South Essay

Cebu is unity of the most developed provinces in the Filipinos and the master(prenominal) center of industry, commerce, trade and education in the central and s proscribedhern part of the archipelago.Cebu-metropolisCebu-City is as swell up c everyed as the Queen City of the South and has become one and only(a) and tho(a) of the great tourist destinations in the Philippines. It is the capital and the main city of the island of Cebu and one of the aged(prenominal)est cities of the soil Cebu, a ramp from being a growing city as well provides a great quality of life and relaxed atmosphere within a tropical paradise.The people of CebuThe people living in Cebu speak Cebuano simply can as well speak Tagalog and English. So its easy for you to f altogether with them. Cebus people be open minded towards foreigners, hospitable, patient and very friendly. touristryHolidaymakers come from all over the world to enjoy the great stretches of white sand beaches and clear turquoise waters. The beach resorts of Cebu are unmatched in the world.NatureUnlike the barren mountainous part of the island, the coastal zones are extraordinarily fertile. Maize, coconuts, bananas und a lot of a nonher(prenominal) fruits grow here, as do the world famos Philippine mangoes. Luxurious vegetation which could non be more tropical anywhere, and countles rivers and lakes form the bizarre, dreamy, sublime landscape of the island.Fiesta Sinulog St. Nino de Cebu fete PhilippinesThe big annual attraction in Cebu City is the Sinulog fiesta,held every leash Sunday in January. The Sinulog is Cebus biggest and pictureiest fiesta in purity of the infant deliverer or Seor Santo Nio.To the fundamental of the drums the bounce moves two steps forward and one step backward.The 9-day fiesta exultation of sinulog in recognise of Santo Nino starts on a Saturday followed by the grand roadway parade on the close day.The exact route varies every course of instruction as the feas t grows. Visit www.sinulog.ph for more information.Hotels in Cebu ara comm tho full during sinulog.Before His grand day the date of the Child Jasus exit be leaving His home in the Basilica del Santo Nino and will be stay with His foster father in the St. Joseph Parish in Mandaue City for a day and a night. After these stay with His father, He will be voyaging the way to His mother in Lapu-Lapu.In a glas case alter with blossoming flowers the blessed Child savior will be carried by a spanish galleon toward His destination. The exact route varies every socio-economic class as the festival grows. Visit www.sinulog.ph for more information.Every barrio and barangay trains its school pip-squeakren for months.And the boys on these old age?Its not easy for them to come in the picture.Origin rascal 1 of 3Sinulog is a terpsichore ritual in honor of the miraculous work out of the Santo Nino. The trip the light fantastic moves to the sound of the drums and this resembles the current (Sinulog) of what was accordingly cognise as Cebus Pahina River. Thus, in Cebuano, they say its Sinulog. More than that the meaning of the word is the significance of the dance. Historians in a flash say that Sinulog, which is of pagan origin, is the associate between the countrys pagan former(prenominal) and its Christian pre direct. permits trace its history. Historical accounts say that before Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan came to Cebu on April 7, 1521 to plant the cross on its shore and claim the country for the King of Spain, Sinulog was already danced by the natives in honor of their wooden idols and anitos. therefore Magellan came and introduced Christianity.He gave the Santo Nino (image of the Child Jesus) as baptismal gift to Hara Amihan, wife of Cebus Rajah Humabon who was previous(a)r named Queen Juana. At that time, not only the rulers were christen entirely besides about 800 of their subjects. Unfortunately, however, shortly after the conversion, Magellan went into a heedless adventure by fighting the reigning ruler of Mactan, Rajah Lapulapu, with only a handful of hands. He died in the encounter. That was on April 27, 1521. The remnants of Magellans men were however able to return to Spain to report the incident and the possibility of conquest. It took 44 geezerhood before a new group came and started the formal Christianization of the islands. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi arrived in Cebu on April 28, 1565.His ships bombarded the village and in one of the burning huts, one of his soldiers named Juan Camus give inside a wooden box the image of the Santo Nino lying side by side with native idols. Historians now say that during the 44 years between the coming of Magellan and Legaspi, the natives continued to dance the Sinulog. This time however, they danced it no overnight to morality their native idols but a sign of reverence to the Santo Nino which is now enshrined at the San Agustin Church ( renamed Basilica Minore del San to Nino). Of course, through the years since 1521, the dance was a small ritual danced by a a couple of(prenominal) in look of wooden idols or before the Santo Nino. In fact, at the Santo Nino Church where the image is consecrated, only the candle vendors could be seen dancing the Sinulog and making offerings.During the Santo Nino fiesta which travel on the third Sunday of January, children dressed moro-moro costumes also dance the Sinulog. This was sincerely no big event for Cebu City. In 1980, however, David S. Odilao Jr., because Regional conductor of the Ministry of Sports and Youth Development (MYSD), organized the first ever Sinulog parade. He invited the forcible education teachers for a meeting to discuss the organization of a Sinulog street dance parade. Nang Titang Diola of Mabolo was invited to give a demonstration at the Cebu Doctors College. The steps were analyzed and further enhanced by steps utilize by the candle vendors who bring to passed in front of the ch urch The Basilica del Sto. Nio.With seven schools and universities, the physical education teachers spearheaded the first Sinulog Street Dance Parade. With financial support from then(prenominal) MYSD Regional Director David Odilao and Department of Education destination and Sports, the schools were given an era to represent the history of Cebu from the primitive times to the present. outgrowth schools of the Cebu Physical Education Association the University of San Carlos, Southwestern University, University of San Jose-Recoletos, University of Cebu, University of southerly Philippines, Cebu Institute of engineering science and Cebu Doctors University.The street dance parade started from the Plaza Independencia and caught the liking of the City of Cebu, which then thought of making the Sinulog a festival that would competition other festivals being held annually in the country. Thus, on a lower floor the direction of Cebu City city manager Florentino S. Solon and through t he encourage of Manuel S. Satorre Jr., the late Juan B. Aquino Jr., also late Xavier Ledesma, Robert Grimalt and Antonio R. Aseniero Jr., Odilao turned over the Sinulog project to the Cebu City Hstorical delegacy under Kagawad Jesus B. Garcia Jr. through Garcias commission, the Sinulog organization came into being. The first task of the organizing delegation was how to conceptualize the festival and make it a big event.The committee then came up with the idea of having a Sinulog logo that would identify the event yearly if it were to be institutionalised. The group didnt however want to use the Santo Nino image itself because this would entertain been a sacrilege. And it had to look for something that would identify the project. This was the come up of blazon of the Santo Nino, which is sooner visible as they are being embossed in the benches, computer architecture and banners of the old San Agustin Church. The cover of arms of the Santo Nino bears a two-headed hawk, the mar k of the House of Hapsburg (Hamburg) in Europe which then rule most of the known world from the fifteenth century to 20th century. Spain was under the Hapsburg dynasty when it sent the expeditions out across the ground to spread the Faith and expand the influence of the dynastic house to be unknown lands beyond the oceans.The royal origin of the Hapsburg started with the ruling family on Austria in 1276 and for centuries until the 20th century the house rule most of the kingdoms in Europe. The Hapsburg realised the Holy popish Empire in 14552 and it was at the height of their actor under Charles 1 of Spain (who was also Holy Roman Emperor cognise as Charles V1) the first expedition under Ferdinand Magellan which discovered the Philippines for Spain was sent initially to look for the Spice Island. His son, Philip 11 who ruled Spain for 42 years from 1556, sent Legaspi the second expedition under Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.In fact, the Hapsburg rulers continued to hold top executi ve until 1700 not only in Spain but also in the colonies under the Spanish regime dapple the Austrian line of the Hapsburg dynasty also ruled Central Europe until about the akin time. Thus, the Hapsburg emblem, now the turn up of arms of the Santo Nino, was influential in many kingdoms in that time. The two-headed hawk emblem was in some of the banners brought by Magellans men to Cebu settlement in 1521. The same emblem was carried all the way from that time, through the Legaspi expedition of 44 years after Magellan and the others that would come to the country in those days such as Loaisa, Saavedra and the Villalobos expeditions.The emblem of the two-headed hawk at the peak of the power of the Hapsburg dynasty be the equate purpose of the House, which was to stand as Champion of Catholicism and Defender of the Faith. With the background, the Sinulog committee used a native warriors protect on whose pillowcase is imprinted the coat of arms of the House of Hapsburg that now re presents the Sinulog logo as see by Ms Olive Templa, who coincidentally is a Cebuana. The native shield figure plays the countrys continued baulkance to colonization. It speaks of the Filipinos readiness to defend the country from all forms of foreign incursion and to resist any move that may endanger the countrys self-determination.The coat of arms of the Santo Nino on the face of the shield on the other hand, traditionally symbolizes the countrys word sense of Christianity as European rulers brought it to the settlements in 1521. Sinulog 81 was then organized. Practically all sectors in the Cebuano community got involved. To distinguish the festival from the best-selling(predicate) Ati-atihan feast in Aklan, the organizers decided to use the parade to drag the history of the Sinulog which, as had been state, is the dance, which links the countrys pagan past and Christian present. Seven floats were created to depict seven different periods of history.Dancers exhausting cost umes picture the periods followed each float. They all danced the same beat. The Sinulog parade started at 1 P.M. at the Cebu Provincial Capitol and ended about past midnight at the Fort San Pedro-Plaza Independencia area. And the show continued until the wee hours of the morning. To the credit of the Sinulog Foundation prime movers, curiously executive Director Juan Dodong Aquino, Jr. the Sinulog Festival alship canal jazzes up every year or so with new features, all meant to invite wider participation. Theres always something in there for everyone, be he a instrumentalist or spectator, be she a verbalist or visualist, an artist or symbolist. regimen agencies, the private sector, commercial and industrial establishments, academic institutions and barangays can pit their skills in making float, the paper mache higantes on route arches, on- office decors, fluvial competes and photography. Organizations could also compete in discovering pulchritude via the Miss Sinulog 88 now know n as Ms. Cebu which was eventually taken as an annual project of the Cebu City Tourism Commission. The quality of participation definitely gets better year after year. In 1983, the Sinulog project was still relatively new. Naturally, it had its complement of dents and scrapes, among which were participants on floats and on the streets wearing highly inappropriate and outspoken costumes.Wisened by that, the judges thereafter fine-tuned the qualifications to keep off any form of irreverence. Irrelevance, too, was pre-empted. In the first five years the contingents also included guests who, as the afternoon drew and grew, reveled too much after having one too many. Also kibitizers weaved themselves through, sometimes against, the flow, smearing black paint on the spectators. The former have been weeded out of the parade, and the latter are thinning out in number. An improvised detention cell right smack by the roadside has been an effective deterrent. n the early years, Sinulog the ri tual and the beat was a total strangers to young and new participants. Too oftentimes, it was mistaken for Aklans Ati-Atihan, terminated with painted faces and war-like, martial beat.Too often, therefore, many a would-be winner, while beautiful in execution and precision, eventually got sidelined by such criteria as relevance and over-all impact. To prevent repetitions of such sorry instances, Sinulog workshops and demonstrations have been conducted annually thru the help of the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the National Commission Culure and the Arts (NCCA) and the Philippine class Dacne Society. Greatly instrumental in this activity is Ms.Dolores Suzara, another mainstay Sinulog judge, and P.E. instructor/choreographer. The incidences of misplaced contingents have definitely waned since then.For the first five years, judging was a test of true grit give outing 20 hours. So that the bout could begin, judges had to be up with the birds. And so that the results could offi cially sign for the next days news, the judges had to stay up until 3 or 4 in the morning, bird or no bird. But all judges complained not. They, too, paid homage to the Santo Nio in ways requested of us. The entry of TMXs Engr. Rogelio Q. Lim and naturally, technology introduced system and speed in results identification breathe better. In 1988, the plum honor for first prize winners in the parade participation was only P12,000.00. In the year 2005, it has go up to P500,000. gilded total is close to P8,000,000.00.Contest participants used to be purely from Cebu City. For about two decades now, the Festival has brought forth dramatic performances (and eventual winners) from all over the country, such as Surigao City, San Carlos City, Southern Leyte, Agusan del Sur, Camiguin, Iligan City , Tangub City , Tacloban, Ilo-ilo, Paranaque City, Naga City, Masbate, sultan Kudarat , Iligan, Butuan among others. Prior to 1986, spectators came from Cebu City and province. Since the Balik-Ceb u program in 1986, however, creating direct Cebu-San Francisco flights, the festival has packed in a million pilgrims and thousands of overseas visitors.With the present set up of the Sinulog Foundation Inc. introduced new contest categories such as the search for the Festival Queen (Sinulog lead dancer), the Puppeteers category, Visual Merchandising Contest (malls and department stores), characterization Contest , the Sinulog Short Film Festivals, the See Cebu on circle , ample lighted billboards which features various tourism and historical sites in Cebu displayed along the Carousel parade route. . The Foundation also commissioned artists to come up with a distinct Sinulog music, to date, the Foundation has produced varied Sinulog music, from the traditional beat, to techno funky beat and the barbel of Sinulog (music provided by the Philippine Peace Philharmonic orchestra).For the past three years, since 2006, the Sinulog Grand parade can now be seen live in internationalis t audiences thru live TV broadcast and Webcast, reaching out as further as US mainland, Australia , some parts in Europe and some parts in Asia. Website, sinulog.ph has also been updated regularly and promotional videos uploaded in Youtube and internet. At present the word Sinulog and the logo is now patented and registered in the cerebral Property Office, the first ever granted to a Festival. Crowd determine has been the Sinulog organizers perennial headache. Varied, tried and tested, the approach and strategies have so far been elusive, however.And yet, this could be the dark side of the moon, the light side being that as the collection swells year after year by millions, the Sinulog parade and activities became bigger and better. This make Sinulog the countrys biggest and grandest cultural festival. What began as a revival of an old dance brought government, business establishments, schools, pilgrims, artists and private individual together like never before. The attempt to e nhance cultural awareness gave the Cebuanos a shared passion, a collective identity. In the end the Sinulog did give Cebu a culure. And a name. grade SenyorThe Sinulog is an annual festival held on the third Sunday of January in Cebu City, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines and Balingasag, Misamis Oriental1 The festival commemorates the Filipino peoples pagan origin, and their acceptance of Roman Catholicism. The main feature is a street parade with participants in sleek coloured costumes dancing to the rhythm of drums, trumpets and native gongs. Smaller versions of the festival are held in various parts of the province, also to celebrate and honor the Santo Nio. There is also a Sinulog sa Kabataan performed by the youths of Cebu a hebdomad before the parade. Recently, the festival has been promoted as a tourist attraction, with a contest featuring contingents from various parts of the country. The Sinulog Contest is normally held in the Cebu City Sports Complex.FestivalThe Sinulog celebration lasts for nine days, culminating on the final day with the Sinulog Grand Parade. The day before the parade, the Fluvial Procession is held at dawn with a statue of the Santo Nio carried on a pump boat from Mandaue City to Cebu City, decked with hundreds of flowers and candles. The rising slope ends at the Basilica where a re-enactment of the Christianizing (that is, the acceptance of Roman Catholicism) of Cebu is performed. In the afternoon, a more solemn procession takes place along the major streets of the city, which last for hours due to large crowd participating in the event.Background This instalment does not cite any references or sources. enchant help reform this subdivision byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(September 2011) The word Sinulog comes from the Cebuano adverb sulog which somewhat means like water current front line it describes the forward-backward movement of the Sinulog dance. The dance consists of two steps forward and one step backward, done to the sound of drums. The dance is categorized into Sinulog-base, Free-Interpretation. Candle vendors at the Basilica continue to perform the traditional version of the dance when lighting a candle for the customer, usually accompanied by songs in the native language.The Sinulog dance steps are believed to originate from Rajah Humabons adviser, Baladhay. It was during Humabons grief when Baladhay was driven sick. Humabon coherent his native tribe to bring Baladhay into a room where the Santo Nio was enthroned, along with the other pagan gods of the native Cebuanos. After a few days passed, Baladhay was heard shouting and was effectuate dancing with utmost alertness. Baladhay was questioned as to why was he a conflagrate and shouting.Pointing to the image of the Santo Nio, Baladhay explained that he had ready on top of him a small child trying to wake him and tickling him with the midrib of the coconut. Greatly aston ished, he scared the child past by shouting. The little child got up and started making fun of Baladhay. In turn, Baladhay danced with the little child and explained that he was dancing the movements of the river. To this day, the two-steps forward, one-step backward movement is still used by Santo Nio devotees who believe that it was the Santo Nios choice to have Baladhay dance.History This region does not cite any references or sources. recreate help change this variance byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(September 2011) On April 15, 1521, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived and planted the cross on the shores of Cebu, claiming the territory for Spain. He presented the image of the child Jesus, the Santo Nio, as baptismal gift to Hara Amihan, wife of Rajah Humabon. Hara Amihan was later named, Queen Juana in honor of Juana, mother of Carlos I. Along with the rulers of the island, some 800 natives were als o baptized to the Roman Catholic Church.At the moment of receiving the holy image, it was said that Queen Juana danced with joy bearing this image of the child Jesus. With the other natives spare-time activity her example, this moment was regarded as the first Sinulog. This event is frequently used as basis for most Sinulog dances, which dramatize the coming of the Spaniards and the presentation of the Santo Nio to the Queen. A popular theme among Sinulog dances is Queen Juana holding the Santo Nio in her arms and using it to bless her people who are often afflicted by sickness caused by demons and other evil spirits. reaching of Lpez de Legazpi This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(September 2011) After Magellan died on April 27, 1521 on the shores of Mactan, the remnants of his men returned to Spain. The Spanish explorer Miguel Lpez de Legazpi arrived in Cebu on April 28, 1565 and occupied the villages ruled by Rajah Tupas. In one of the huts of the burning village, one of Lpez de Legazpis soldiers named Juan Camus found a wooden box containing the statue of the Santo Nio lying amongst several other native idols.Historians later said that during the 44 years between the reaching of Magellan and Lpez de Legazpi, the natives of Cebu continued to dance the Sinulog but no longer to worship their anitos (god) but to show their reverence to the Santo Nio. The Augustinian friars that accompanied Lpez de Legazpi in his expedition proclaimed the statue performed miracles and built a church on the site where it was found. The church was called San Agustin Church, later renamed to Basilica Minore del Santo Nio.Letter to the King of Spain This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(September 2011) Aft er Juan Camus found the Santo Nio in the burning village, Lpez de Legazpi was said to have included the incident in his report, entitled Relation of Voyage to the Philippine Islands Your Excellency should know that on that day when we entered this village (Cebu City), one of the soldiers went into a large and well-built house of an indio where he found an image of the Child Jesus (whose most holy name I pray may be universally worshipped).This was kept in its cradle, all gilded, just as if it were brought from Spain and only the little cross, which is generally placed upon the globe in his hands, was lacking. The image was well kept in that house, and many flowers were found before it, and no one knows for what object or purpose. The soldier bowed down before it with all reverence and wonder, and brought the image to the place where the other soldiers were. I pray to the Holy Name of his image, which we found here, to help us and to grant us victory, in order that these lost people who are ignorant of the precious and well-off treasure, which was in their possession, may come to knowledge to himToday This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(September 2011) Since 1521, devotion to the Santo Nio has grown and has taken root in Philippine popular piety, particularly in the Visayas pilgrims from different parts of Cebu and the rest of the Philippines make their yearly tour to the church to take part in the procession and festival. Starting in 1980, the Cebu City government organized the Sinulog Festival and eventually gave incentives to tribal dance groups. The first Sinulog parade was held in 1980, organized by Dvid Odilao, then Regional Director of the Ministry of Sports, and Youth Development.The parade was composed of students dressed in Moro costumes, dancing the Sinulog to the beating of drums. The idea caught and thus, un der the direction of the Cebu City Mayor Florentino Solon with the help of several influential Cebuanos, Odilao turned over the Sinulog project to the Cebu City Historical Committee under Kagawad Jesus Garcia.It was the task of the Committee to conceptualize the Sinulog festival and make it into a yearly event from then on. In 1981 the following year, the concept of the Sinulog Parade was actualized involving not just Cebu but also representatives from other provinces in the Philippines . Marking its difference from another popular festival, the Ati-Atihan in Aklan, the Sinulog focuses not on the ritual itself but on the historical aspects of the dance, which, as it has been said, represents the link the countrys embrace of Christian faith.Sinulog coat of arms This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(September 2011) The Cebu City Historical Committe e, which was responsible for the conceptualization of the Sinulog as a idyl event, decided to adopt a logo for the Sinulog to identify it as an institutionalized yearly event. They turned to the coat of arms of the Santo Nio which consisted of a two-headed hawk that was the mark of the ruling House of Habsburg in Europe.The emblem represented the twin purpose of the Habsburg dynasty as Champion of Catholicism and Defender of the Faith. At the time when Spain sent expeditions to the Philippines, they were under the Habsburg dynasty. The Sinulog committee then incorporated the two-headed eagle to a native warriors shield. The native shield is supposed to symbolize the Philippines resistance to colonization while the Santo Nios coat of arms printed on its face represented the countrys acceptance of Roman Catholicism.

Case Study Product Innovation at Bank of America

BANKING STRATEGIES Case Study everyplacelap psychiatric hospital at depose of America By Cindy Murray What ? nancial institutions shag decide from machinations and plans in other industries. owhere is aim more essential to survival than in the situateing industry. In the payments domain, for pillow slip, non shore competitors less forced by bank regulations and therefore more agile atomic number 18 ever-changing the banking industrys grip on the public perception of banks as the only believe stag for holding and base money. However, invention is challenge for banks. M either returns, like payments, atomic number 18 a commodity.A vast number of products and a complex infrastructure require continual upgrades to keep apace with applied science advancements and comply with evolving regulations and security requirements. This article describes how bank building of America fosters a finis of re currenting. Pivotal to an innovative culture is the direct makement of leaf nodes in the vicissitude process. We highlight some of the elans that deposit of America achieves this. But ? rst well grammatical construction at the role of transition process in building brand loyalty. N Build Brand Equity Through Progressive kind Change can occur by rede? ning a problem or rede? ing a resolve. According to Robert Sternberg, a leading creativity expert,1 creativity is the king to rede? ne a problem. Innovation can be viewed as the qualification to rede? ne a solution. Successful plan is a process over convictionone that typically happens in increments rather than parachutes. R bely is a single innovation a game changer. In banking, 90 part of innovation steeringes on union competencies (that is, business-as-usual innovation), s still percent on game-changing innovation MAYJUNE 2009 inside core competencies and only three percent on leaps that signi? cantly shift the client ingest.Outside of banking, an evolutionary near to innovation i s overly the rule, non the exception. Continual improvements finishedout a products life daily round build brand equity. Take the case of Nabiscos Oreo biscuit, the lift outselling cookie in the United States. In 1912, Nabisco came up with the idea of two coffee disks with cream ? lling in between. Since because it has released Double Stuff cookies with more ? lling fudge-covered Oreos spend cookies, including Halloween and Christmas cookies bite-sized Oreos for children and reduced-fat Oreos. Oreos illustrate two meaning(a) aspects of product innovation.First, Nabisco stayed close to its customers. It down the stairsstood how inevitably varied among consumers and changed over time. The company developed its product to meet the needs of a continually broader set of consumers. Second, the poser illustrates an incremental approach to innovation that focuses on advancing core products. The iPod was at once the next tone in an evolutionary process and also a imaginative l eap. This product integrated a number of capabilities in a portable de ungodliness, plainly it was not the ? rst MP3 player. However, the fancy of iTunes was a new business model that changed the demeanor consumers could store and listen to music.The iPod was alterative, too, because it aligned with changing consumer behavior re? ected in trends of mobility and customization. Technology enabled a tipping point. Consumers were ready to embrace a leap. Cindy Murray is Head of Product Innovation at Bank of America. Contact her at cindy. emailprotected com. mercantile modify REVIEW 35 Banking Strategies way that stays close to customers evolving needs. For example, through ethnographic research, we discovered a common practice among consumers of rounding up when piece of writing checks. We took the idea of rounding up and turned it on its headrede? ing Innovation is a process over timean evolutionary the problem by associating payments with obstetrical deliverys. running. An in cremental approach to innovation mirrors How can we foster increased saving? With Keep the the gradual way in which people change. Consumer Change, each time a customer pays using a Bank of behavior tends to change gradually. Successful innovation is customer driven. It gets as America check card, the bank rounds the payment close as possible to the customers genuine process. to the neargonst dollar and transfers the extra change A deep grounds of how customers operate to the customers savings account. odayand why they do what they dogives inNow, kinda of check writers rounding up, the sight into how to improve the process how to reach bank does it for them tho in a way that builds their a timbre forward for the customer. savings. The solution also facilitates increased use of Further, by at present savory customers in the indebit cards, thereby supporting retailers efforts to novation process, they become deeply affiliated discourage check payments. It was also a timely sol uto, and invested in, a solution, which took service tions evolutionary path. f evolving consumer beThis makes innovation a havior toward increased patriarchal differentiator, ancard usage. Change can occur by rede? ning a other way of creating value Ethnographic research problem or rede? ning a solution. for customers by enriching has also been mainstay to improvtheir experience and reining our electronic banking forcing loyalty over time. platform, CashPro, over Staying close to the customer is one of the some importime. For example, we designed an enhancement base tant attributes of a successful innovation process. on a typical client study ? ow for handling exceptions.By almost watching how 15 companies were posting their receivables, we identi? ed a common practice of Get Close to the node placing a sticky mention on in fathoms when they did not match payment. Staff would then fax an invoice to At Bank of America, customers play a name role at the salesperson to inqui re about the discrepancy. We every act of the product innovation process. There incorporated an electronic sticky note with email capaare a number of ways in which we directly engage bility in CashPro, so that clients could maintain their our customers throughout product development. ork-? ow process in the online environment. We use a range of formal proficiencys for idea generation. Formal techniques focus on gaining deepened client insight and are important when Amplify the we pack limited development about an opportunity Voice of the Customer and the related customer need. Formal idea mining typically requires expertise through our internal innovation group or external specialized vendors. CashPro is a great example both of innovating in Ethnographic research is an important tool for increments to improve a product over time and of engenerating innovation ideas.Observation cans gaging clients in an evolutionary innovation process. insight into customer behavior and needs. Re turnWith CashPro, we found a customer advisory ing to the Oreo example, the idea for a bite-sized board, which has been closely pick outd in the prodcookie began to germinate when Nabisco researchers ucts development. With CashPro, the innovation watched young children handle with dunking the process becomes part of the client experience, thereby full-sized cookie in smaller cups. increasing customer satisfaction.For example, with Ethnographic research serve ups Bank of America CashPro, clients cull self-service for upgrades. understand how to advance our core products in a They are fully vested in the change process. Engage Clients in the Evolutionary route 36 COMMERCIAL LENDING REVIEW MAYJUNE 2009 Banking Strategies Our strategic client program, treasury diversify, At the other end of the spectrum, responsibility serves to amplify our voice of the customer research. for innovation can be centralized in a shared serClients are long-term program members in senior vice cente r.At Bank of America, we have dedicated treasury and/or ? nance roles within their organizastaff focused on game-changing innovations. At tions. They meet regularlyat frequencies varying the same time, our entire organization recognizes from once per quarter to yearly. The program enables the grandeur of ongoing process improvement participants to share insights on best practices and and enhancements. learn from each other, while helping us to better understand their challenges and needs. A detailed executive Work with Peers summary that identi? s key sermon themes helps pinpoint areas for deepening discussion and exploraTo maintain a private-enterprise(a) edge, banks increasingly tion. Conference calls exploring priority topics serve allow look for ways to build with clients, technolas touch points between in-person meetings. ogy companies and other ? nancial institutions We also look to exchequer Exchange members to to combine strengths. For example, in May 2008, validate and ? esh out new product ideas and to Bank of America announced a partnership with provide validation at points in the product develWells Fargo called Pariter Solutions LLC.The opment cycle. Treasury 50-50 joint jeopardize will Exchange members have operate the commercialsubmitted innovation ized ACH platform that ideas under the auspices will be leveraged by the An incremental approach to of the program. Customer two banks. The goal is to innovation mirrors the gradual way advisory boards and spegain economies of casing in which people change. cial client programs like and better position both Treasury Exchange augbanks to develop future ment our extensive voice products with a single of the customer research. nvestment in the underlying processing engine instead of duplicative enthronizations. Its a platform for growth and innovation. Cultivate a glossiness of Innovation Its important to be open to ideas from all sources. Thats part of cultivating a culture of innovation. At Bank of America, all associates are invited to collaborate in the innovation process. For example, associates can submit their ideas online via IdeasZone, an internal intranet site. These ideas are funneled into the idea stream and receive equal attention within our innovation process.Collaborate with Technology Innovators In banking, technology is an enabler of innovation. Therefore, its important that banks collaborate with their technology providers. Bank of Americas collaboration with Microsoft is a great example of how we work with technology companies to develop innovative applications. Cash positioning and forecasting continue to be key client challenges. We spoke with clients to determine how they arrange cash positioning and forecasting. Treasurers might use a treasury workstation, an transcend spreadsheet or a combination of tools.However, treasurers who rely on treasury workstations typically supplement their process with an Excel spreadsheet. Our research also con? rmed that many a(prenominal) clients have dif? culty building a historical database of selective information for trend analytic thinking to support forecasting. COMMERCIAL LENDING REVIEW Foster Employees There are different options for organizational structure to foster an innovative environment. At Google, its part of everyones job to innovate. There is a decentralized approach to innovation in which all employees are engaged and given incentives.Its built into their objectives and re? ected in their salary increases and bonuses. MAYJUNE 2009 37 Banking Strategies Bank of America worked with Microsoft to develop CashPro Accelerate. This tool accepts information feeds across all of a clients bank accounts and automates the cash-positioning process. It also builds a historical database that clients can use for forecasting. Keep Moving Forward I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward. doubting Thomas Edison With an inventors mind-set, the idea of failure is a fallacy.Some who know best have even looked at failures as a continual path forward. Besides being the still-unrivaled record holder of 1,093 U. S. patents, Thomas Edison broadened the concept of the invention to whats known today as innovationinvention, R & D and commercialization. 3 Innovative companies ? nd ways to leverage new insights to keep moving forward. The creation of 3M Post-it notes is a classic story of turning failure on its head and using creativity to rede? ne a problem. Spencer Silver was working on developing a strong adhesive but invented a weak one instead.Silvers colleague Arthur Fry came up with a novel application for the weak adhesive, which became the basis for Post-it notesa new fomite for communicationwhich Bank of America used in its CashPro innovation. Sometimes the leap is in how we look at things. Build a Brain charge In a September 2008 issue of H ARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW, Ed Catmull, cofounder of Pixar and the president of Pixar and Disney Animation Studios, talked about how Pixar fosters collective creativity. One of Pixar s core operating principles is that, We must stay close to innovations happening in the donnish community. 2 Its part of the companys effort to extirpate boundaries between different disciplines. Earlier this year, Bank of America and MITs Media laboratory announced the creation of the Center for Future Banking. Over the next ? ve years, Bank of America will contribute $3 trillion to $5 zillion annually. The center is a prototype for how business and academia can work unneurotic to invent the future of an entire industry. It will bring together researchers with radically different perspectives, including behavioral economists, social scientists, computer scientists, psychologists, designers and others.The goal is to knowledgeableness unexpected new ideas that lead to innovation leaps in banking. Test, Learn, Evolve This inventor mentality is at the heart of our testand-learn environm ent, in which we deploy an initial solution design to get ? rsthand feedback from clients on its usability and value. At this stage, the intent is to address any issues or opportunities in the next iteration of the design. The process enables us to get our product design before we get to the pilot stage. As an repetitious process, the test-andlearn environment is a microcosm of the broader innovation process focused at a certain point in the development process.The Intelligent Cash Manager, a new end-to-end Bank of America solution, gives a live example of the test-and-learn approach. The solution concept germinated in a series of Treasury Exchange meetings, where clients identi? ed cash handling and deposit as a major(ip) pain point. Its an ATM-like machine that counts cash, accepts it for deposit and provides safekeeping. An issue related to crowd surfaced in the test-and-learn environment, which will inform a solution redesign. MAYJUNE 2009 deal Winning Concepts Vetting ideas and building a business case are key steps in the innovation process.Bank of America uses a scoring technique as part of our process for vetting ideas. Scoring criteria include whether a concept matches to plan objectives, whether it has wide applicability, its level of innovativeness and complexity and the potential magnitude of its impact. At Bank of America, for example, out of 919 ideas received this year, 10 have been submitted for funding in 2009. Building a business case is a key step. An rough-and-ready business case must describe the opportunity and its alignment with strategy and also describes the target client and market within the context of the competitive landscape.Finally, it outlines the proposed approach, the risk and the ? nancial opportunity. 38 COMMERCIAL LENDING REVIEW Banking Strategies Storyboarding is a creative technique used in the early stage of ? lmmaking. Storyboarding can help speed time-to-market. By not building the entire productbut rather using storyboards and prototypes in a test-and-learn environmentwe retain ? exibility even as we move further into the product-development process. Flexibility enables us to prioritize the most important features and integrate feedback and new insights from customers.It helps us to make smart choices with our investment dollars as products take more tangible form. The Next Leap in the Innovation Process The ability to synthesize information into insights will be an increasingly important part of creating a valuable client experiencenot only banks connecting to customersbut of customers connecting to each other for insight. Incubation and the cross-fertilisation of ideas are important to the creative process. Bank of America is integrating online networking into its innovation process. For example, we are connecting participants in the Treasury Exchange program to an online forum.Our long-term survey is to link our various Treasury Exchange client groupswhich are base on industry, functi on and geographyinto a clientcentric global collaborative network. We also plan to introduce online ideation as a way to collaborate with Treasury Exchange participants on innovation. More broadly, the idea of integrating social networking into the banks innovation process holds tremendous promise. With our consumer base of 59 million households, social networking can be a powerful tool for engaging customers ? rsthand in product development. hen the next step integrates multiple aspects to transform the end-to-end client experience. To cite an earlier example, the iPod integrates communication speed, mobility and storage capacity. each(prenominal) of these come together, along with consumer readiness for change and the introduction of the iTunes business model. in spite of appearance the banking realm, clients increasingly want banking solutions to integrate into their flowwhether flow constitutes, for example, a sprightly consumer or the workflow related to a treasurers broader pecuniary processes.The need to integrate payments in the broader customer experience will involve rambling technology in some form and the analysis of information to provide insight. For corporate customers, banks are already delivering time-sensitive information to personal digital assistants (PDAs) and cell phones. Information analysis and synthesis could help treasurers to improve broader ? nancial processes (for example, accounts account payable or receivable), help optimize working capital and minimize court and use payment information to deepen insight into customer behavior.We are already seeing merchants, for example, use consumer payment information to tailor coupons to a customer s buying preferences. Banks can deliver robust information to consumers, for example, to help them weigh product features and engage in ? nancial planning to label a purchase within a desired spending budget. Perhaps, ultimately, clients will want to take their bank accounts with them, stori ng virtual money inside their mobile phones. Banks have an opportunity to reassert their unique role as the trusted brand in storing and moving money.Innovation will be critical to our success. What force Be the Next Leap in Banking? Successful innovation infinitely improves aspects of the customers experience. Leaps occur Endnotes 1 2 3 prof at Tufts University research focuses on creativity. How Pixar Fosters Collective Creativity, HARVARD BUS. REV. , Sept. 2008, at 71. The Edison Papers, http//edison. rutgers. edu/biogrphy. htm. MAYJUNE 2009 COMMERCIAL LENDING REVIEW 39 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further copy prohibited without permission.

A Dolls House, Drama Analysis, Realism and Naturalism Essay

Nora Helmer frolics active in the first act, behaves desperately in the second, and gains a stark sense of reality during the finale of Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House. Ibsen was one of a few pioneers of the new mental representation movement of realism, and accordingly he is often called the arrive of modern drama. The share of Nora lives in a dream world, a tiddlerlike fantasy, where every liaison is gross(a), and everything makes sense, but as the die hard develops, Nora transforms and retrieves the strength to leave her home and her children in order to find out who she is and what she wants out of life. Nora leaves the role of the doll child and doll married woman and becomes an independent self-thinking adult. She realizes that the world is different than she evermore prospect it was, and that she herself is also different. The play opens a penetration onto the social problems that some(prenominal) face but neer speak of. Since Ibsens time, women have made great stride s in gaining the option to determine their role in relation to the family and society.A Dolls House uses the persona of Nora Helmer to show the transformation that takes place from dependent hall wife to independent adult. The theme of A Dolls House, a womans right to individual self-fulfillment, was considered highly subversive in an age when women were not allowed to conduct business without the authority of a father or maintain. Wives and daughters were considered to be property, thus lending to women acting childish and naive. The character of Nora exhibits many of these juvenile and immature qualities. The audience first sees her when she returns from a apparently extravagant Christmas shopping excursion. She have a few desserts which she has secretly purchased. When her condescending husband, Torvald Helmer, asks if she has been sneaking macaroons, she denies it whole-heartedly. The Narrator tells us, She takes a bag of macaroons out of her pocket and eats one or two t hen she walks stealthily across and listens at her husbands door (Ibsen 1681).With this minor act of deception, the audience learns that Nora is sort of capable of lying. She is most child-like when she interacts with her husband. She behaves playfully yet obediently in his presence, always coaxing favors from him instead of communicating as equals. Torvald gently reprimands Nora throughout the play, and Nora good-naturedly responds to his criticism showing how immature and dependent she is. However, Nora has been leading a range life. She has not been thought slightly spending their money. Rather she has been scrimping and saving to pay gain a secret debt. Years ago, when her husband became ill, Nora forged her fathers signature to receive a loan to save Torvalds life. The occurrence that she never told Torvald about this arrangement reveals several aspects of her character. For one, the audience no long-acting sees Nora as the sheltered, care-free wife of a banker. She knows what it means to struggle and take risks. In addition, the act of concealing the ill-gotten loan signifies Noras independent grade insignia as stated in the line, Daddy never gave us a penny. I was the one who raised the money (Ibsen 1688).She is proud of the sacrifice she has made. Although she says vigour to Torvald, she brags about her actions with her old friend Mrs. Linde. Basically, she believes that her husband would undergo just as many hardships, if not more, for her sake. However, her perception of her husbands devotion is quite an misplaced. Nora is evolving and is showing an independent side to her personality. When the disgruntled Krogstad threatens to reveal the truth about her forgery, Nora realizes that she has potentially brought scandal upon her husbands good name. She begins to question her bear morality, something she has never done before. Did she do something wrong? Was it not the right thing to do, under the circumstances? Will the courts convict her? Is s he an improper wife? Is she a terrible mother? Nora contemplates suicide as a means to kill the dishonor she has wrought upon her family. She seems to lose all grasp of reality as she declares, Never, never. Oh, that black icy water. Oh, that bottomless If only it were all over Hes got it now. Now hes reading it (Ibsen 1727).Yet, it remains knotty as to whether or not she would truly follow through and take shape in the icy river. During the climactic scene in Act III, Nora seems to outdoor stage before running out into the night to end her life. Nora is frantic and changing into an adult by confronting the inevitable future that faces her. She realizes that it is always darkest before the dawn. Noras epiphany occurs when the truth is finally revealed. As Torvald unleashes his disgust towards Nora and her crime of forgery, the protagonist realizes that her husband is a very different person than she once believed. Torvald declairs, Im done for, a miserable failure, and its all the fault of a feather-brained woman (Ibsen 1727). Torvald has no intention of taking the blame for Noras crime. She thought for certain that he would selflessly give up everything for her. When he fails to do this, she accepts the fact that their marriage has been an illusion. Their false devotion has been merely play acting.She has been his child-wife and his doll. The soliloquy in which she calmly confronts Torvald serves as one of Ibsens finest moments. Some deal that Nora leaves her home purely because she is selfish. She does not want to forgive Torvald. She would rather become another life than try to fix her existing one. Or peradventure she feels that Torvald was right, that she is a child who knows nothing of the world. Since she knows so little about herself or society, she feels that she is an inadequate mother and wife. She leaves the children because she feels it is for their benefit, painful as it may be to her. Nora Helmers last words are hopeful, yet her final ac tion is less optimistic. She leaves Torvald explaining that there is a slight chance they could become man and wife once again, but only if a miracle of miracles occurred.This gives Torvald a brief spear of hope. However, Nora exits through the hall door, symbolizing the finality of their relationship. Nora has reached her final breaking layover and has evolved from childlike to mature and decisive. A Dolls House, with its multi-level characters, opens a door onto real problems facing the most common of marriages. Although, Ibsens views differed from those held by many modern feminists, he firmly believed that women were inherently suited to being mothers and wives. However, he also felt that a husband and wife should live as equal partners, free to become their own human beings. The play shines a spotlight on problems that few women were willing to talk about. The so called perfect life of Nora Helmer in A Dolls House highlights the changes from child to adult in a very short tim e and proves the crown that it is never too late to change.Work CitedIbsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Writing. Ed. Kennedy, X.J. and Dana Gioia. 10th ed., New York Pearson Longman. 2007. 1679-1734. Print

Advanced Marketing

market includes programmening, organizing, directing, and controlling the decision-making of a company regarding product lines, pricing, promotion, and overhaul (Marketing, 2004). Comprehensive contrivening is important in market, thus a market formulate is an important output of the trade process.A market proposal is a written document that details the actions necessary to achieve a undertake merchandising objective (Marketing plan, 2006). A marketing plan determines the companys target market, competition, products, budget, location, pricing, and promotional strategy.Strategic marketing plan and tactical marketing plan are the two outputs of a companys over- all told marketing plan. Marketing plan, strategical marketing plan, and tactical marketing plan are all part of the planning process and are prepared by organizations to synopsis the means in which objectives can be achieved.The strategic marketing plan usually has a time span of 3 to 5 years. The strategic marke ting plan includes the strategic objectives of the company. The strategic objectives are those that create the surround in which the product or service will be change (What is a marketing plan, 2006). At the strategic marketing plan level, counsel is scanning the environment, looking for developing markets as their target markets (Nowell, 2000).The tactical plan follows the strategic plan and focuses on implementing the first part of the strategic marketing plan. The tactical marketing plan is the execution of the companys marketing plan such as generating leads, placing media, creating marketing tools, and implementing follow-up system (Gamble, 2005).Tactical marketing objectives of the company are tangible, measurable task that have to be gracious to further the strategic objectives (What is a marketing plan, 2006). The tactical marketing plan as compared to strategic marketing plan presume the target market and other marketing strategy as a given and do not look at the externa l environment (Nowell, 2000).ReferencesGamble, M. (2005). Strategic marketing and tactical marketing know the differences and profit. Retreived celestial latitude 2, 2006 from http//www.MYMOnDemand.com/vpc1_mgnmMarketing (2004). Encarta Reference Library. Microsoft CorporationMarketing Plan (2006) Wikipedia. Retrieved declination 1, 2006 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_planNowell, D. (2000). Effective marketing plans. Retrieved December 2, 2006 from http//www.sheridanc.on.ca/nowell/markplan/intro.htmWhat is a marketing plan? (2006). Retrieved December 1, 2006 from http//marketplan.us/what%20is%20a%20marketing%20plan%20doc.htm

Late Adulthood and End of Life Paper

recently(a) Adulthood and shutdown of Life Paper Late Adulthood and End of Life Paper Throughout a human beings heartspanspan, an single experiences approximately(prenominal) pivotal changes both physiologically and mentally. Of all of these life st dayss, n genius is more difficult a reality as deeply adulthood. Individuals atomic number 18 devoted a taste of youth and vitality, and must watch as it is slowly taken away. In some finishs, the elderly are treated with valuate and care, and in others, the elderly are considered a burden and receive belittled respect and poor care. How do perceptions of remnant and demise vary from culture to culture?The ancient Egyptians spent their entire lives preparing for close and the afterlife, hardly how do other cultures perceive these experiences? To cook a better perspective on youthful adulthood and the end of life, this paper will provide knowledge on the areas of concern during these life stages such(prenominal) a s health and wellness, stereotypes associated with late adulthood, and cultural view of shoemakers last and dying. Health and wellness in late adulthood As individuals age the human body experiences m either natural and mental changes.Aging or senescence represents these changes that the human body goes through with(predicate) which diminishes the bodys capacity to regenerate making it vulnerable to complaint and affection (Berger, 2008). check to Berger (2008), Gerontologists distinguish between primary aging, the universal changes that get with senescence, and secondary aging, the consequences of particular diseases (p. 620). The physical changes associated with aging are typically inactive with noticeable pedigrees in hearing, vision, taste, and smell (Mesa biotic community College, 1997).In addition to the decline in sensory functions, some elderly individuals experience more large(p) health concerns such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and a step-down in l ung function. Other more solemn health concerns that typically arise in late adulthood are those of standcer, heart disease, and Alzheimers. frequently depression can be a main contributor to helplessness health as increases in health issues and experiencing the death of family and friends makes ones own finiteity more apparent. Not all individuals in late adulthood suffer from these health ailments.There are legion(predicate) life-style factors that can contribute to illness, and can be altered to provide an individual with a healthier more active life. There are numerous simple lifestyle changes an individual can make that can see in his or her health and wellness and also decrease some of the negative effects of aging such as healthier shake up habits, exercise, and regular medical checkups. Healthier take habits involve consuming the right-hand(a) amounts of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and protein every day.Balanced meals and healthy snacks can increase cypher and ward off potential illness and disease. Exercise is also an principal(prenominal) factor in contributing to wellness in late adulthood as exercise increases blood flow, builds healthy heart muscle, increases lung functions, and increases mobility. Mobility is lots a factor in older adults who become sedentary causing muscles to shrink and increase the likelihood of blood clots and heart-related problems. Routing medical checkups can also tug health and wellness by monitoring current medical issues and study new health issues.This allows doctors to diagnose properly and treat illness and disease early. Ageism and stereotypes Ageism refers to prejudice against elderly individuals by the use of stereotypes. According to an expression provided by Net Industries (2011), Ageism occurs throughout purchase order in varying degrees, in television, advertising, movies, stores, hospitals, and jobs (p. 62). conjunction assumes that with the increase of age comes a decrease i n faculties, which is an assumption that is not always true. Younger individuals typically expect negative stereotypes regarding elderly people (Net Industries, 2011).Often older individuals are considered to be slower, more costly, and less adaptable to change than younger individuals making tasks such as finding employment and receiving equal treatment difficult. According to an article provided by Net Industries (2011), Studies consistently demonstrate that there is no correlativity between age and job performance, despite the common stereotype that productivity declines with age. Indeed, research reveals that some intellectual functions may even improve with age (p. 62). Often older adults are treated as children by society making assumptions of their abilities and mental functioning.Viewpoints of death and dying Death at any stage in life is personal and holds different meanings to different people. Society places a great deal of meaning on death ground upon age, situation, and their personal experiences and beliefs. The viewpoints of death and dying in early childhood are limited however, children have a basic understanding of death by the age of two through their own observations of family members (Berger, 2008). Children who are dying frequentlytimes fear death as they do not have a fully developed concept of dying and associate death with giving up (Berger, 2008).At this life stage, it is important to have guidance from his or her parents to gain a better understanding of death and dying. Death and dying in adolescence is often a second thought as adolescents in this life stage place less value on life and ore often reckless and irresponsible with their lives and the lives of others. A different viewpoint of death and dying is seen in adulthood as the reality of their own mortality is adjudge and the lives of their family members. Typically adults do not fear death because of maturity and knowledge of death. The fear and concern is for leaving unfinished business such as raising their children.Anxiety builds in adults regarding death as they come to the identification of their age and becoming closer to death as they continue to age. Adults have established a healthy respect for life and the tragedy of death. In late adulthood, older adults have the least anxiety intimately death and dying as they are aware of and accept their mortality and often have an established spiritual belief of an afterlife after their mortal death. Often death is associated with relief when an older adult has a serious illness or a great deal of physical chafe or failing mental health. Cultural attitudes towards death and dyingAttitudes toward death and dying are often different based upon cultural and ghostlike differences. Some cultures base their feelings toward death on spiritual beliefs whereas other cultures count in a higher power and a promised eternity. In Buddhism, death is just a treat in which an individual must scat to be reb orn (Berger, 2008). Buddhists do not dear dying but believe that it brings peace and enlightenment. In Hinduism, death is also a process of new life. Death involves the entire family preparing for their loved one and bear run into the individuals descent to rebirth.In Judaism, little significance is hardened on the physical body of an individual. Individuals are buried within one day after death, and the individual is mourned by family and friends together at dwelling for one-week (Berger, 2008). Jewish individuals believe in the celebration of life more than that of death. Christianity and Islam are very similar in beliefs as death is considered merely the operator of their mortal lives ending and their eternal life beginning whether it is heaven or hell. Death in Christianity and the Islamic assent can be ripe or bad depending on the individuals devotion and faith in God.All individuals regardless of culture or religion forecast for death without pain that comes quickly aft er living a commodious life in the company of family and friends (Burgess, 2008). Conclusion Late adulthood is a period in an individuals life span that creates physical and emotional difficulties. Illness and disease cause serious health issues that can affect an individuals quality of life however, healthy eating habits, exercise, and proper medical care can assist in ameliorate and increasing an individuals life. Death is an inevitable part of life that everyone must face.When that time comes, death can be a composed release from pain or a journey to spiritual enlightenment. References Berger, K. S. (2008). The evolution person through the life span. (7th ed. ). New York Worth Publishers. Mesa Community College. (1997). The developmental psychology newsletter Late adulthood. Retrieved from http//www. mesacc. edu. Net Industries. (2011). Ageism Stereotypes about age and older persons. p. 62. Retrieved from Ageism Stereotypes About Age And Older Persons